The Role of Indirect Written Feedback in Students’ Writing

Indirect written feedback plays a crucial role in developing students’ writing skills, particularly in educational settings in which the goal is not only to correct errors but also to promote learning and autonomy. Unlike direct feedback which provides the correct form or solution, indirect feedback indicates that an error exists, often through underlining, circling, or using symbols without explicitly providing the correction.

This method encourages students to engage actively with their writing. By identifying and correcting their own mistakes, learners develop deeper cognitive processing, leading to better understanding and long-term retention. It fosters self-editing skills, critical thinking, and greater responsibility for their own learning.

Research supports the effectiveness of indirect feedback, especially when combined with guided revision opportunities. It helps students internalize language rules rather than relying passively on teacher corrections. Nevertheless, its success relies on learners’ proficiency levels and their ability to interpret and act on the given feedback.

In conclusion, indirect written feedback is a valuable pedagogical tool that promotes learner autonomy and enhances writing accuracy over time. When used appropriately, it can transform feedback from a one-way correction into a meaningful learning experience.